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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF OCCULTISM & PARAPSYCHOLOGY EDTION
Welcome to the first volume of the Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology, a comprehensive and authoritative guide to the vast and fascinating world of the occult and the paranormal. Edited by renowned scholar J. Gordon Melton, this encyclopedia offers a unique and in-depth exploration of the history, practices, and beliefs of various occult traditions and parapsychological phenomena. From ancient rituals to modern spiritual movements, from ancient myths to cutting-edge scientific research, this encyclopedia covers a wide range of topics that will intrigue and educate readers of all backgrounds.
Volume one of this encyclopedic work covers topics from A to L, encompassing a broad spectrum of subjects, including alchemy, astrology, divination, demonology, magic, mediumship, mythology, and many more. Each entry is written by a leading expert in the field, ensuring accuracy, clarity, and depth of knowledge.
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Publication details and credits
The Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology, a comprehensive compendium of information on the occult sciences, magic, demonology, superstitions, spiritism, mysticism, metaphysics, psychical science, and parapsychology, is edited by J. Gordon Melton. This fifth edition, published in 2001 by Gale Group, Inc., is a two-volume set, with the first volume (A-L) being the focus of this entry. The encyclopedia features biographical and bibliographical notes, as well as comprehensive indexes to aid in research.
In addition to J. Gordon Melton, the editorial team includes Jolen Marya Gedridge (editor), Christy Wood (associate editor), Pamela A. Dear (contributing associate editor), Jason Everett (contributing assistant editor), Rita Runchock (managing editor), Mary Beth Trimper (production director), Evi Seoud (production manager), Rita Wimberley (buyer), Kenn Zorn (manager, production design), Barbara J. Yarrow (manager, imaging and multimedia content), Tracey Rowens (senior art director), and Michael Logusz (graphic artist). Datapage Technologies International, Inc. handled the typesetting.
Contents Overview
Volume I
This volume encompasses a comprehensive selection of entries from A to L, delving into a wide spectrum of topics within the realm of occultism and parapsychology.
Volume II
Continuing the exploration, Volume II presents entries from M to Z, offering an extensive overview of the diverse subjects covered in the encyclopedia.
Internet Resources
The encyclopedia includes a dedicated section on valuable online resources, providing a curated selection of websites and platforms relevant to occultism, parapsychology, and related fields.
Introduction
Volume I (A-L)
Publication Details
AI Art Gallery
Contents
The encyclopedia concludes with a detailed general index, enabling readers to easily navigate through the vast array of entries and locate specific information of interest.
Introduction to the Fifth Edition and early brent schon ai artworks inspired by piccaso
The fifth edition of the Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology (EOP) continues the legacy established by its predecessors, offering the most comprehensive coverage of occultism and parapsychology. The first edition, published in 1978, combined the content of two leading reference works, Lewis Spence's Encyclopedia of Occultism (1920) and Nandor Fodor's Encyclopedia of Psychic Science (1934). Editor Leslie Shepard later took on the task of updating these original works and adding new entries.
The creation of this ambitious encyclopedia was fueled by a surge of interest in psychic phenomena, the occult, witchcraft, and related topics in the 1970s. This interest, which directly led to the New Age movement of the 1980s, provided an abundance of material for parapsychologists to explore. It also prompted a reaction from a group of skeptics, who formed the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal. This group believed they represented the scientific establishment.
Introduction
Volume 1: A-L
Volume 2: M-Z
Modern Studies
Resources
The Evolution of Occultism
The modern understanding of the occult has been profoundly shaped by the history of the paranormal in the Western world, particularly during the 19th and 20th centuries. Prior to the 17th century, a widespread belief in the presence and influence of occult entities and forces (then termed "supernatural") prevailed. This belief offered solace to some, but instilled fear and anxiety in others, leading to persecution, suffering, and even death. It empowered individuals who claimed to manipulate supernatural powers, allowing them to exert control and influence.
However, beginning in the 16th and 17th centuries, a critical examination of questionable supernatural phenomena emerged, starting with religious relics and expanding to the actions of witchfinders. The rise of Protestantism, which secularized (removed sacred value from) the world, coupled with the increasing acceptance of scientific observation and the organization of natural phenomena, fostered a spirit of skepticism. This skepticism culminated in the 18th century with the rise of Deism, a significant movement challenging the role of the supernatural in human society.
Deists affirmed the existence of God as the Creator but proposed that God had established a system of natural law, leaving the world to govern itself. This implied God's detachment from the world, suggesting that supernatural events were mere misinterpretations of natural phenomena. Furthermore, they believed that angels and spirits did not communicate with humans, rendering prayer ineffective. In response, religious leaders reinterpreted the concept of miracles as divine interventions that defied God's own natural laws.
Deist thought was largely confined to intellectual circles, although influential figures like Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and George Washington were among its proponents. The skeptical view of the supernatural became the cornerstone of the Freethought movement in the 19th century, influencing intellectual and theological discourse. Theologians frequently began their lectures with proofs of God's existence, preachers debated with village atheists, and evangelists intensified their efforts to reach the godless.
Amidst this ongoing debate, a new perspective emerged from a group known as Spiritualists, proposing that the distinction between this life and the afterlife was an artificial construct. They believed in a larger natural world that encompassed both. To scientifically demonstrate this larger universe, Spiritualists relied on mediums – individuals claimed to have special access to the supernatural realm.
Introduction
Evolution
Developments
Developments Since Fodor and Spence
The early to mid-twentieth century witnessed a significant shift in the field of psychical research, spearheaded by the work of J. B. Rhine. Rhine, a biologist, challenged the traditional approach that relied primarily on observations of paranormal phenomena in the field. He believed that psychical research was failing to gain credibility within the scientific community due to its reliance on anecdotal evidence and its association with Spiritualism, which was often plagued by fraudulent practices.
Rhine's revolutionary idea was to bring psychical research into the laboratory, where rigorous experiments could be conducted to provide objective, quantifiable data. This marked the emergence of parapsychology, a distinct field focused on the scientific study of paranormal experiences. While some psychical researchers continued to explore evidence of survival of bodily death, the rise of parapsychology with its emphasis on controlled experiments created a divide between the two approaches.
The influence of parapsychology grew, and its experimental methods eventually gained acceptance within the scientific community. However, this shift also marked a distance between parapsychology and the Spiritualist community, which had been a central pillar of psychical research for decades. The widespread fraudulence within Spiritualism further eroded its credibility, contributing to its marginalization in the evolving field of parapsychology.
The post-Newtonian scientific environment also impacted the standing of Spiritualism and Theosophy. These groups, rooted in nineteenth-century scientific perspectives, struggled to adapt to the emergence of new scientific paradigms, including quantum mechanics, depth psychology, and cybernetics. This failure to evolve led to their decline in influence, paving the way for the rise of other groups that embraced the post-Newtonian world.
The New Age and Beyond
Ancient Esotericism
Origins of esoteric traditions
Rosicrucian Era
Post-Protestant revival
Freemasonry
18th century expansion
Theosophy
19th century evolution
Eastern Integration
1960s cultural exchange
Esotericism, an ancient tradition, explores the hidden spiritual structure of the universe, seeking understanding beyond the physical realm. It delves into the concept of a cosmic energy or power that animates the world at a deeper level than the energy forms defined by classical physics, a realm known as "meta-physics." Esotericism stands as a "third force" in Western thought, distinct from both traditional religions and scientific materialism.
Esoteric traditions have faced persecution throughout history, often condemned as evil and superstitious, particularly during the rise of Christianity and the Enlightenment. Despite these challenges, esotericism has persisted and even flourished, adapting and integrating with modern thought and scientific discoveries. The resurgence began with the Rosicrucian movement in the post-Protestant era, followed by Freemasonry in the 18th century and Theosophy in the 19th. These movements furthered the practice of initiatory magic and revitalized ceremonial magic, particularly in Europe and the English-speaking world.
The belief in magic as a real force has been a point of contention between esotericism and traditional Christianity, with the latter viewing it as sorcery or witchcraft. The Enlightenment also contributed to the suppression of esotericism, labeling it as archaic and pre-scientific. However, the movement persisted, and its revival was bolstered by the integration of insights from emerging scientific disciplines. Figures like Franz Anton Mesmer and Emanuel Swedenborg, both trained scientists, became pivotal figures in modern esotericism, bridging the gap with contemporary scientific thought.
As the modern world expanded, esoteric traditions spread globally, leading to a significant exchange with Eastern philosophies and religions in the 1960s. This interaction was sparked by the influx of immigrants from Asia, including Japan, Korea, China, and Southeast Asia. African religions, particularly in the Caribbean, also began to integrate into Western society. This intermingling of traditions has set the stage for a complex dialogue within the Western religious landscape, where traditional faiths will confront and examine these new and evolving esoteric expressions.
The Current Need for a New Edition of EOP
Since the initial publication of the Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology by Spence and Fodor, a profound transformation has swept through the world of the occult, the metaphysical, and the psychic. The emergence of the New Age movement epitomized this change, and the scientific world witnessed a radical shift in its understanding of Spiritualism, Theosophy, and psychic phenomena through the lens of parapsychology. Notably, the Parapsychological Association's inclusion in the American Academy for the Advancement of Science signaled a new era of tolerance, if not full agreement, for psychical research within the scientific community.
The 1970s saw an "occult explosion" in the media, paving the way for the New Age movement's rise in the 1980s. Looking back from the perspective of the new millennium, it becomes clear that there has been an escalating interest in psychic phenomena and metaphysical thought. This interest has steadily grown since the late 1960s, with notable fads emerging from exorcism and channeling to crystals and angels. However, what remains constant is the establishment of these fields in mainstream society, a scenario that no one in the 1950s could have predicted.
The evolving appraisal of occultism and its new directions necessitate a comprehensive re-editing and updating of the Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology. Specifically, entries directly from Spence and Fodor required revision in light of current research and opinions. However, the historical context of these entries was carefully preserved. Editing also addressed archaic language, removing the numerous off-the-cuff references to events and people known only to dedicated students of the history of psychical research. Additional material was added to identify such passing references to obscure people and events.
- The editor has strived to ensure the information provided is reliable and authoritative, following the policy established by Les Shepard.
- A conscious effort has been made to treat both the occult and parapsychology in a manner that avoids sensationalism, name-calling, and unnecessary labeling.
- New entries, mostly events and personalities, have been added. Organizations, publications, and societies have been updated to reflect current information.
- Entries cover new occult groups and movements, highlight recent work in parapsychology, and reference events in England, North America, continental Europe, and around the world.
- The editor has attempted to provide the latest sources, particularly for topics with limited source material in previous editions.
The New Age and Beyond
Current Need for New Edition
Format of Entries
Format of Entries
Entries in this encyclopedia are arranged alphabetically. For biographical entries, the birth and death dates are included whenever possible. However, many individuals featured in this volume lived before extensive record-keeping practices were in place, making it challenging to locate precise dates. Many figures rose from obscurity, briefly engaged in controversial events, and then retreated back into the shadows, making it difficult to gather basic information. Every effort has been made to locate such data, and numerous new references have been added and others corrected in this edition. When dates are uncertain, the abbreviation "ca." followed by a century or year indicates the approximate period during which the person flourished. A question mark in place of a death date indicates that the individual was born before 1900 and a death date is unknown. When internet research has been used, the source is cited. The editor has attempted to track down the homepages of all living people and contemporary movements included in this edition. However, internet addresses become obsolete quickly, so some listed addresses may be inactive. In such cases, using a search engine to locate the person or topic in question may lead to newer internet postings.
Cross-references are indicated by bold type within the text or by "See" and "See also" references following an entry.
Alphabetical Entries
All entries arranged in alphabetical order for easy reference
Biographical Information
Birth and death dates included when available
Cross-References
Bold text indicates links to related entries
Internet Sources
Updated web resources and search guidance
Indexes and Resources
This edition of the Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology provides readers with multiple indexes and resources to navigate the vast and complex world of occultism and parapsychology.
- The **Internet Resources** section offers a curated collection of websites categorized by subject matter. This section includes links to organizations, societies, print products, and notable individuals within the field.
- The **General Bibliography** provides a comprehensive alphabetical list of academic resources, facilitating further exploration of the topics covered in the encyclopedia.
- The **General Index** allows readers to access significant people, movements, cultures, and phenomena related to occultism and parapsychology in a single alphabetical arrangement. This index acts as a comprehensive guide for navigating the encyclopedia's diverse entries.
These enhanced indexes and resources cater to both novice and seasoned researchers, providing valuable tools for discovering new information and deepening understanding of the occult and parapsychological phenomena.
Quick Navigation
General Index
Comprehensive guide to all entries
General Bibliography
Academic resources and references
Internet Resources
Curated online references
Acknowledgments
The author extends sincere gratitude to those who contributed to the creation of this edition. Special thanks go to Jerome Clark, Marcello Truzzi, Chas Clifton, Tim Ryan, and Macha NightMare, whose expertise in specific areas of research has enhanced the accuracy and relevance of many entries. Marco Frenschkowski deserves recognition for his thorough review of the fourth edition, providing valuable insights and suggestions for improvement.
Jolen Marya Gedridge, a seasoned in-house editor who has collaborated on numerous projects with the Gale Group, played a pivotal role in this edition. Her contributions include updating older entries and ensuring timely progress in meeting project milestones. The author expresses deep appreciation for her dedication and expertise.
Beyond these individuals, the author wishes to acknowledge the many others who provided specialized information and contributed data to this edition. Their collective efforts have enriched the encyclopedia's content and broadened its scope.
Encyclopedia Card Index
User Comments Are Welcome
The editors of the Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology welcome feedback from readers.
Readers who can offer any additional information, corrections, or suggestions for new entries in future editions are encouraged to contact the editor. Dr. Melton encourages readers to submit their input for new editions of the Encyclopedia.
- Please address Dr. Melton either c/o Gale Group, 27500 Drake Rd., Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535, or at his office:
- Dr. J. Gordon Melton Institute for the Study of American Religion Box 90709 Santa Barbara, CA 93190–0709
Encyclopedia Index
Browse through our comprehensive collection of articles:
Click on any image to navigate to the corresponding section of the encyclopedia.
A∴A∴ - Aleister Crowley's Secret Society
The A∴A∴, or Argenteum Astrum, was a secret society founded by Aleister Crowley in 1907. It was envisioned as a hierarchical system with three distinct orders: the Silver Star, the Rosy Cross, and the Golden Dawn, each representing a progressive stage of spiritual development. Crowley, also known as "The Great Beast 666," believed the A∴A∴ was a continuation of the ancient Egyptian mysteries, aiming to empower individuals to achieve spiritual enlightenment through magical practice and self-realization.
The society's name, Argenteum Astrum, translates to "Silver Star" in Latin. The three dots in the symbol A∴A∴ signify a connection to ancient mysteries and secret societies. The society's teachings were heavily influenced by Crowley's unique blend of Thelema, Western esotericism, and his own personal experiences. It's important to note that the A∴A∴ is not to be confused with the more famous Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, which was founded in 1888.
- The Silver Star Order focused on practical, ritualistic magic, and the development of individual magical ability.
- The Rosy Cross Order sought to achieve an understanding of the universe through deeper esoteric knowledge and mystical experiences.
- The Golden Dawn Order aimed to elevate the individual to a state of spiritual enlightenment and mastery over their own consciousness.
Crowley's vision for the A∴A∴ was ambitious, aiming to create a new form of spiritual enlightenment and personal liberation based on his own interpretation of the ancient mysteries. The society remains active today, with numerous offshoots and splinter groups continuing Crowley's work in various ways.
A∴A∴ Overview
Three Orders
Legacy
Golden Dawn and the Equinox
Aleister Crowley's involvement with the Golden Dawn (GD) was marked by controversy and his rise to prominence within the order. He believed that he had achieved the exalted status of the Silver Star and was thus a Secret Chief of the Golden Dawn. Following his departure from the GD in 1906, Crowley established his own order, the A∴A∴ (Argenteum Astrum or Silver Star), drawing heavily on the rituals and teachings of his former organization. In March 1909, Crowley began publishing the magazine The Equinox, the official organ of the A∴A∴, with the second issue showcasing rituals of the Outer Order of the Society. This move sparked outrage among Golden Dawn members, who were determined to maintain the secrecy of their rituals. S. L. MacGregor Mathers, one of the Golden Dawn chiefs, initiated legal action to prevent Crowley from continuing to publish these rituals. While a temporary injunction was granted, Mathers lacked the funds to contest an appeal, allowing Crowley to continue publishing his own version of the GD's secret rituals.
Rites of Eleusis (1910)
Public Reception
Media Controversy
Legal Aftermath
Public Performances and Controversies
Aleister Crowley's pursuit of notoriety extended beyond legal battles to public performances. In 1910, he staged a series of "Rites of Eleusis" at Caxton Hall in London. These elaborate ceremonies, meant to evoke ancient mystery rituals, involved a cast of characters including Crowley himself, his disciple Victor Neuburg, and his "Scarlet Woman," Leila Waddel. The performances featured invocations of the gods, dancing, music, and recitations of Crowley's own poetry.
Crowley's intention was to provoke and challenge the sensibilities of a Victorian public still deeply entrenched in prudish attitudes toward sexuality and the occult. He deliberately crafted a spectacle that pushed the boundaries of acceptable social conduct. Audiences, who were charged a hefty five guineas per ticket, were likely a mix of the curious and the scandalized, some perhaps hoping for a glimpse into a world they considered both alluring and dangerous.
The performances received mixed reactions. Some found them intriguing, if bewildering. Others found them utterly appalling. The journal Looking Glass published a scathing review, dismissing the lyrics as "gibberish" and contributing to a growing sense of outrage. Sensational allegations against Crowley and his associates, including Allan Bennett and George Cecil Jones, followed, leading to a defamation lawsuit filed by Jones against the journal in 1911.
The lawsuit drew further attention to Crowley and his activities, providing him with an unexpected platform for self-promotion. But the publicity came at a cost. Crowley's reputation suffered, and he lost friends, including his disciple J.F.C. Fuller, who had written a eulogy for him titled The Star in the West in 1907. Despite the fallout, Crowley continued to court controversy, recognizing the power of public attention in furthering his agenda.
1
Early Life & Education
2
Golden Dawn Period
3
Public Performances
4
OTO & Sex Magic
5
Aaron's Rod
Ordo Templi Orientis and Sex Magic
The Ordo Templi Orientis (OTO) is a secret society that emphasizes the use of sex magic in its rituals. Founded in 1895, it became intertwined with the work of Aleister Crowley in the early 20th century. Crowley's involvement with the OTO led to the incorporation of his own unique interpretations and practices into the order's teachings.
Sex magic, as practiced by the OTO, involves the use of sexual energy to achieve spiritual and magical goals. It is believed that through the ritualized union of male and female energies, individuals can access a higher state of consciousness and harness powerful forces. This concept was not unique to Crowley, but he adapted it to fit within his broader system of magical thought.
Crowley's involvement with the OTO was highly controversial, and his teachings on sex magic were seen by some as scandalous and dangerous. He argued, however, that sex magic was not merely about indulgence but a means of achieving spiritual enlightenment and transcendence.
- Crowley joined the OTO in the 1900s.
- The OTO practiced sex magic, which involves harnessing sexual energy for spiritual growth.
- Crowley brought his own interpretations and practices into the OTO.
- His teachings on sex magic caused controversy due to their unconventional nature.
- Crowley viewed sex magic as a means of achieving spiritual enlightenment
- .
Aaron's Rod
Biblical Origins
The magical wand derived from biblical narrative, transforming into a serpent before Pharaoh as a demonstration of divine power.
Jewish Legend
Created on the sixth day of creation and passed down through generations to Adam after Eden.
Christian Legend
Fashioned from the Tree of Knowledge, later becoming part of Christ's cross.
Modern Connections
Connected to water divining and modern magical practices, symbolizing authority and power.
Aaron's Rod, a magical wand derived from the biblical narrative of the rods of Moses and Aaron, carries significant symbolic weight within the realm of occultism. The rod's transformation into a serpent when cast before Pharaoh and his magicians (Exodus 7) served as a testament to its divine power, a motif that has resonated throughout history. The rod's serpent-like form echoes the symbolism of the serpent, often associated with wisdom, healing, and transformation within many ancient cultures, particularly in esoteric traditions.
Legends associated with Aaron's Rod extend beyond biblical accounts, offering intriguing insights into its purported origins and significance. An old Jewish legend claims the rod was crafted on the sixth day of creation, passed down through generations of patriarchs, eventually reaching Adam after his expulsion from the Garden of Eden. This legend suggests a profound connection between the rod and the very foundation of existence, imbuing it with a sense of primal power and authority. A contrasting Christian legend posits that the rod was fashioned from the Tree of Knowledge, later coming into the possession of Judas and serving as the beam of the cross upon which Christ was crucified. This narrative connects the rod to the central tenets of Christianity, suggesting a paradoxical role in both the fall of man and the ultimate redemption.
The hazel wand used by water diviners, known as dowsers, holds a connection to Aaron's Rod through its ability to locate water sources, mirroring the biblical account of the rod causing water to spring forth from a rock in the desert. The wand as a symbol of authority extends beyond its biblical origins. Across cultures, the wand has served as a symbol of power and control, representing leadership, spiritual authority, and even magical abilities.
The significance of Aaron's Rod endures in the modern world, with its enduring symbolism resonating in the magical staffs wielded by modern conjuring magicians. This continuity underscores the enduring power of symbolic imagery, bridging the gap between ancient mythologies and modern-day practices. The rod serves as a potent reminder that the boundaries between faith, magic, and the material world have been blurred throughout history, leaving an enduring legacy for future generations to explore and interpret.
Ab
In the realm of ancient Semitic magic, Ab holds a significant position as a magical month. It was believed that crossing a river on the twentieth day of Ab would inevitably bring sickness. Moreover, according to ancient texts, consuming swine flesh on the thirtieth day of Ab would result in a plague of boils. The month of Ab was imbued with a mystical significance that was not to be taken lightly.
However, Ab also carries a deeper meaning within the ancient Egyptian tradition. In this context, Ab refers to the heart, an organ considered to be the seat of the conscience. It was crucial to preserve the heart during the mummification process, as it was believed to be the vessel of a person's soul and their moral compass. The meticulous preservation of the heart reflected the Egyptians' profound belief in the afterlife and the crucial role that the heart played in the judgment of the deceased.
Ab
Aaron's Rod
Abaddon
Abaris
Abaris, a legendary figure from ancient Scythia, was revered as a high priest of Apollo, the Greek god of music, poetry, prophecy, healing, and light. He was renowned for his magical abilities, which he claimed to have derived from his devotion to Apollo. One of the most intriguing aspects of Abaris's legend is his association with a golden arrow, a gift from Apollo himself. This arrow was said to have granted Abaris the ability to fly through the air, making him known as the "Aerobate" by the Greeks.
Abaris's powers extended beyond flight. He was a skilled prophet, able to foresee the future and interpret omens. He also possessed the ability to control the weather, calming storms and warding off disease. His reputation as a healer was widespread, and he is said to have been able to cure even the most debilitating illnesses. Moreover, Abaris was credited with a remarkable feat of magic: the creation of the Palladium, a statue of Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom, made from the bones of the legendary hero Pelops. The Palladium was sold to the Trojans as a talisman descended from heaven, believed to protect and render impregnable the city in which it was housed.
While some scholars dismiss Abaris's story as a mythical tale, others believe that he was a real historical figure. His legacy continues to inspire awe and wonder, and his name is forever linked to the realm of magic, prophecy, and divine favor.
- Abaris is a figure from ancient Scythia, a region of Eastern Europe, spanning the Black Sea region, roughly coinciding with modern-day Ukraine and southwest Russia. He was revered as a high priest of Apollo, the Greek god of music, poetry, prophecy, healing, and light. His reputation for magical abilities, specifically the ability to fly through the air via a golden arrow gifted by Apollo, made him known as the "Aerobate" by the Greeks.
- Besides flight, Abaris was a skilled prophet, able to foresee the future and interpret omens. He also possessed the ability to control the weather, calming storms and warding off disease. His reputation as a healer was widespread, and he is said to have been able to cure even the most debilitating illnesses.
- One of his most remarkable feats was the creation of the Palladium, a statue of Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom, made from the bones of the legendary hero Pelops. The Palladium was sold to the Trojans as a talisman descended from heaven, believed to protect and render impregnable the city in which it was housed.
Quick Navigation
UFO Abduction Overview
Introduction to UFO abduction phenomena
1980s Research
Evolution of UFO research methods
Betty Hill Case
The landmark 1961 encounter
Contactee Stories
Evolution of contact narratives
Modern Consensus
Current state of research
UFO Abduction Phenomena
UFO abduction phenomena refers to experiences reported by individuals claiming to have been abducted by extraterrestrial beings. These experiences often involve being taken aboard a craft, undergoing medical examinations, and experiencing strange sensations or emotions. While skepticism is prevalent, many individuals firmly believe their experiences are genuine.
- The phenomenon of UFO abduction became widely recognized in the 1960s, gaining traction with popular culture.
- Many stories are centered around the theme of missing time, where individuals report gaps in their memory during the abduction. This is a key element that has fueled debate.
- Skeptics argue that these accounts are likely to be products of sleep paralysis, vivid dreams, or even deliberate hoaxes, while believers consider them credible evidence of extraterrestrial contact.
- Despite ongoing debate, abduction narratives continue to intrigue and fascinate, sparking curiosity and speculation about the nature of reality and the possibility of extraterrestrial life.
UFO Abductions
Aben-Ragel
Abigor
Abou-Ryhan
Aben-Ragel
Aben-Ragel was a renowned Arabian astrologer born in Cordova, Spain, at the dawn of the fifth century. He is known for his profound understanding of celestial influences and the profound impact they have on human lives. His legacy is preserved in his book of horoscopes, which was later translated into Latin and published in Venice in 1485 under the title _De Judiciis seu fatis stellarum._ This work delves into the intricate relationships between the stars and human destiny, offering insights into the individual's potential and the challenges that lie ahead.
- Aben-Ragel's astrological predictions were widely acclaimed for their remarkable accuracy. His insights into the future were sought after by many, including members of the elite and those seeking guidance in their personal lives.
- His work contributed significantly to the development of astrological thought in the Middle Ages, bridging the gap between classical and Islamic astronomical traditions. Aben-Ragel's influence extended beyond the Iberian Peninsula, reaching far into Europe and shaping the course of astrological practice.
- His writings continue to fascinate and inspire students of astrology today, offering valuable insights into the intricate connection between the heavens and human affairs. Aben-Ragel's legacy stands as a testament to the enduring power of celestial wisdom and the potential for astrology to offer profound guidance and understanding.
Abigor
In the demonology of the Renaissance, Abigor is a formidable figure associated with war and leadership. As described by Johannes Weyer, a prominent physician and demonologist, Abigor holds the rank of Grand Duke of Hades, a position that signifies significant power and authority within the infernal hierarchy. His appearance, as depicted by Weyer, is that of a handsome knight, clad in armor and bearing a lance, standard, or scepter. This imagery suggests his role as a warrior, a leader who commands respect and obedience.
Beyond his military prowess, Abigor is also known for his abilities in divination and guidance. He can foretell future events, providing valuable insights for those who seek his counsel. Furthermore, he is believed to possess the knowledge and skills necessary to instruct leaders on how to maintain their authority and inspire loyalty among their followers. This aspect of Abigor's character highlights his connection to the realm of power and strategy, making him a potent ally for those who seek to influence and control.
Abigor's influence extends far beyond the battlefield, as he is said to govern sixty infernal regions. This dominion reinforces his position as a powerful and influential figure within the demonic realm, showcasing his vast resources and capacity for influence. His presence in the demonic hierarchy, along with his attributes, suggests a complex and multifaceted entity capable of both inspiring and intimidating those who encounter him.
Abou-Ryhan
Abou-Ryhan, whose real name was Mohammedben-Ahmed, was an Arabian astrologer renowned for his expertise in judicial astrology. He is credited with introducing this specific branch of astrology, which focuses on predicting future events based on the positions and movements of celestial bodies. Many tales from the East recount Abou-Ryhan's remarkable ability to discern the future. His reputation for accuracy and profound understanding of astrological principles has contributed to his enduring legacy in the realm of occult practices and divination.
- Abou-Ryhan's teachings and insights into judicial astrology have significantly influenced the development of astrological traditions within the Islamic world and beyond. His works have been studied and referenced by numerous scholars and practitioners of astrology throughout history.
- Known for his wisdom and profound knowledge, Abou-Ryhan was sought out by rulers and commoners alike, seeking guidance and insight into their destinies. His ability to read the stars and interpret celestial signs as indicators of future events made him a respected figure in his time.
- His influence extends beyond the realm of astrology, as his writings and teachings also touched upon philosophical, scientific, and theological topics. He contributed to the understanding of astronomy and its connection to the natural world, further solidifying his position as a scholar and a prominent figure in Islamic intellectual history.
Despite the passage of time, Abou-Ryhan's legacy continues to be felt in the world of astrology and divination. His insights into judicial astrology and its applications continue to resonate with those seeking to understand the intricacies of the celestial sphere and its influence on human affairs. Abou-Ryhan serves as a testament to the enduring power of astrology and the profound impact that an individual's knowledge and insights can have on the course of history.
Abracadabra
The term Abracadabra, a magical word of purportedly Hebrew origin, is derived from the letters of Abraxas, a Gnostic deity associated with the power of healing and protection. This mystical word is known for its unique and intriguing history, spanning centuries and encompassing various traditions and cultures. Its origins are often attributed to the ancient world, specifically the Gnostic and Kabbalistic traditions, where it was believed to hold potent magical properties.
In ancient Hebrew tradition, the word Abracadabra was associated with healing and warding off evil. Its significance was amplified by its unique structure. It was commonly written in a triangular form, starting with a single letter at the top and adding one letter per row, descending until the entire word was spelled. Each row would then be repeated downwards, removing one letter until only a single letter remained. This arrangement was thought to reinforce its magical power and its ability to banish evil influences.
In the Middle Ages, Abracadabra was further popularized through the use of amulets and charms. These objects, often engraved with the word, were worn to protect the wearer from illness, evil spirits, and other misfortunes. During the Renaissance, it became associated with alchemy and magic, and it was believed to hold the power to transform base metals into gold.
Today, Abracadabra is often used in a playful or humorous context, but its historical significance in the realm of magic, healing, and protection remains undeniable. It stands as a testament to the enduring power of words and symbols in shaping human beliefs and practices.
Abracadabra - Magical word
The word "Abracadabra" has been used as a magical word for centuries, with its origins tracing back to ancient times. It is commonly written as a triangular pattern, starting with "Abracadabra" at the top, and each subsequent line removing a letter until only "A" remains at the bottom. The word is typically written vertically, with one letter removed from each line, creating a pyramid shape.
The triangular shape represents the descent of energy, starting from a high level of power at the apex and gradually diminishing toward the base. The word "Abracadabra" itself is thought to be a Hebrew phrase meaning "I create as I speak."
- The word is written in various ways, including "Abracadabra" or "Abracadabra." The pronunciation of this word is equally efficacious either way, according to Julius Africanus.
- Serenus Sammonicus, a Roman physician and scholar, used "Abracadabra" as a spell to cure asthma. He would write the word on a piece of parchment and wear it around the neck.
- The word was also used as a symbol in ancient Syria and by the Jews. Some believe it was a name of a god, while others argue that the abracadabra, or its synonyms, was not a deity.
The word's power lies in its sound and symbolism. The repetition of the sounds creates a hypnotic effect, while the triangle represents the descent of energy. This combination of sound and symbolism helps to activate the subconscious mind and create a change in consciousness. This practice reflects a broader cultural belief in the power of words and symbols to affect reality.
Stephen Irwin Abrams
Stephen Irwin Abrams, born July 15, 1938, in Chicago, Illinois, is a distinguished psychologist who has made notable contributions to the field of parapsychology. His research focused on extrasensory stimulation of conditioned reflexes in hypnotized subjects, a fascinating area of investigation that bridges the disciplines of psychology and parapsychology. Abrams' work has been instrumental in exploring the potential for non-sensory perception and its influence on human behavior, a realm often considered the domain of the unexplained and the mysterious. His approach, rooted in scientific methodology, sought to bring rigor and empirical evidence to the study of parapsychological phenomena, challenging conventional paradigms and opening new avenues for understanding human consciousness and its potential.
- His academic journey took him to the University of Chicago and Oxford University, England, where he honed his intellectual skills and developed a deep understanding of the complexities of human psychology. His pursuit of knowledge led him to prestigious positions, including visiting research fellow at the Parapsychology Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, and president of the Parapsychology Laboratory of the University of Chicago from 1957 to 1960.
- A charter associate of the Parapsychological Association, Abrams contributed to the development of this field through his active participation and engagement in the broader scientific community. He presented his groundbreaking paper, "Extrasensory Behavior," at the Seventh Annual Congress of the Parapsychological Association at Oxford in 1964, further establishing his reputation as a prominent researcher in this area.
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Abyssum
Abyssum is an herb that plays a role in traditional exorcism practices, particularly in the context of cleansing haunted houses. The belief is that Abyssum, when consecrated through the sign of the cross and strategically placed, possesses the power to dispel malevolent spirits and restore peace to a dwelling.
The act of consecrating the herb with the sign of the cross is a ritualistic gesture meant to imbue the Abyssum with divine protection and power. This act symbolically aligns the herb with forces that oppose and subdue evil spirits. The placement of the consecrated Abyssum at the four corners of the house is significant. The four corners represent the cardinal directions and signify a comprehensive cleansing and protection of the entire dwelling.
The use of Abyssum in exorcism underscores the importance of herbal remedies and spiritual practices in various cultures. The belief in the power of plants and rituals to ward off evil spirits is deeply rooted in folklore and traditional knowledge systems.
Abu Yazid al-Bestami
Persian Islamic mystic and Sufi pioneer
Abyssum
Herb used in traditional exorcism
Cesare Lombroso Academy
Research center for psychical phenomena
Cesare Lombroso Academy
The Cesare Lombroso Academy for Psychical Research was founded in São Paulo, Brazil, by José de Freitas Tinoco in September 1919. The academy was dedicated to the study of parapsychological phenomena, particularly the mediumship of Carlos Mirabelli. Mirabelli was a renowned medium who displayed a wide range of abilities, including materializations, levitation, psychokinesis, and automatic writing. The academy conducted extensive investigations of Mirabelli's mediumship, conducting 392 sittings over several years.
The academy's findings were highly regarded, with researchers proclaiming Mirabelli as the greatest of all mental and physical mediums. However, a 1926 report on Mirabelli's abilities by the academy was met with skepticism by Theodore Besterman, a prominent parapsychologist who studied Mirabelli for the American Society for Psychical Research in 1934. Besterman's investigation cast doubt on the validity of some of the academy's findings, raising questions about the reliability of Mirabelli's alleged abilities.
Despite the controversy, the Cesare Lombroso Academy continued its research into the 1930s. However, the academy eventually dissolved, leaving behind a legacy of both intrigue and skepticism surrounding the extraordinary claims made about the mediumship of Carlos Mirabelli.
Abyssum
Cesare Lombroso Academy
Academy of Parapsychology and Medicine
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Acheropite
An acheropite is a portrait that is believed to have been supernaturally produced on cloth, and is a term often associated with the miraculous portrait of Jesus. The word itself derives from the Greek words "a" meaning "not" and "cheir" meaning "hand," essentially implying a portrait not made by human hands.
A prominent example of an acheropite is the Veronica, a cloth bearing the image of Jesus' face which, according to apocryphal legends, a woman named Veronica used to wipe the face of Jesus during his procession to the Cross. However, the term Veronica has come to be synonymous with the cloth itself, regardless of its precise history.
The most famous example of an acheropite is the Turin Shroud, which bears the image of a crucified man. While often considered a representation of Jesus, its authenticity has been debated for centuries, with some believing it to be a genuine relic and others concluding it to be a medieval forgery. The Shroud continues to attract attention and debate, and its mysteries have captivated many.
The Eternal Classroom: Lessons in Cosmic Wisdom
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